Checked on 2026-11-09. The same list lives in the repository as docs/sources.json. Re-check dates and thresholds before relying on them.
An estimated 526 million tons of food production, or 12 percent of the global total, was lost in 2017 due to lack of effective refrigeration.
- Published
- 2022 (launched 2022-11-12 at COP27, per press coverage)
- Data period
- 2017
- Scope
- Global food production
- Kind
- estimated
- Qualification
- A historical estimate, not a 2026 measurement and not coldchainOS's addressable market. Summaries write the unit as 'tons' (UNEP Ozone Secretariat) or 'tonnes' (press coverage); we keep the Ozone Secretariat's wording. The Ozone Secretariat page attributes the underlying figure to an International Institute of Refrigeration 2021 source.
- Verification
- SECONDARY ONLY. The UNEP and FAO report pages returned HTTP 403 to our checker. The report's title, publishers and launch were identified through search results, and the figure was read on UNEP's Ozone Secretariat page (see unep-ozone-summary) and in press coverage. Confirm against the report itself before relying on the unit. (checked 2026-11-09)
UNEP's Ozone Secretariat summary states the 526 million tons / 12 percent / 2017 figure and cites 'International Institute of Refrigeration [IIF/IIR] 2021a' for it.
- Published
- 2022-12-01 (page metadata; the page also shows a 2023-03-27 submission date)
- Data period
- 2017
- Scope
- Global food production
- Kind
- estimated
- Qualification
- The page cites 'International Institute of Refrigeration [IIF/IIR] 2021a' for the figure and gives no title, authors or method. The page writes 'tons'. This is a historical estimate, not a 2026 measurement, and it is not coldchainOS's addressable market.
- Verification
- Read on the primary page. (checked 2026-11-09)
Newmark reported U.S. cold-storage vacancy of 7.7% in the first half of 2026, alongside the sector's first negative first-half net absorption since 2007.
- Published
- 2026-08-27
- Data period
- First half of 2026
- Scope
- United States, national
- Kind
- observed
- Qualification
- National figure. Do not assume it describes a particular property or market, including any Florida property. The page also reports approximately 41 million cubic feet of deliveries (supply additions). It calls a separate 56 million cubic foot figure 'move-outs'; the precise metric is unconfirmed, so we do not publish it as net absorption and do not subtract deliveries from move-outs. Supply additions and changes in occupied inventory are kept separate.
- Verification
- Approved wording and figures supplied by the project owner from the primary page (published Aug 27, 2026). The primary page returned HTTP 403 to our automated checker, so we have not independently re-read it. The underlying report chart or table has not been retrieved to confirm the net-absorption metric. (checked 2026-11-09)
U.S. electricity consumption rose 4% in 3Q26 versus 3Q25 (commercial sector up 5%, which EIA notes includes data centers), and EIA forecasts commercial-sector demand growing 2.8% in 2027.
- Published
- 2026-10-06 (forecast completed 2026-10-01)
- Data period
- 3Q26 (estimate); 2027 (forecast)
- Scope
- United States
- Kind
- estimated and forecast
- Qualification
- The 3Q26 figures are estimates; the 2027 growth figure is a forecast. A newer STEO is scheduled for 2026-11-10, so this edition may be superseded. National figures do not describe any one utility or tariff.
- Verification
- Read on the primary page. Release date and next-release date taken from the page header. (checked 2026-11-09)
EIA anticipates 2026 wholesale electricity prices averaging $52 per MWh across the 11 hubs it tracks, 11% above 2025.
- Published
- 2026-10-06
- Data period
- Calendar 2026
- Scope
- 11 U.S. wholesale hubs
- Kind
- estimated
- Qualification
- Wholesale prices are not a facility's retail electricity bill.
- Verification
- Read on the primary page. (checked 2026-11-09)
EPA's Technology Transitions tables restrict installation of new systems using certain high-GWP HFCs. For cold storage warehouses the page lists an interim GWP limit of 700 from July 27, 2026, then 150 or 300 from January 1, 2032, depending on charge size and configuration. Components used to repair existing systems are not subject to these restrictions.
- Published
- Last updated 2026-08-28
- Data period
- Compliance dates as listed on the page
- Scope
- United States, AIM Act Technology Transitions
- Kind
- regulatory
- Qualification
- EPA states the tables are informational and should not be relied on for compliance; see 40 CFR Part 84, Subpart B. The page does not summarize obligations for existing installed equipment. Not a compliance determination.
- Verification
- Read on the primary page. (checked 2026-11-09)
In May 2026 EPA issued a final rule reconsidering parts of the Technology Transitions requirements, addressing subsectors that include cold storage warehouses.
- Published
- Last updated 2026-07-28
- Data period
- Final rule, May 2026
- Scope
- United States
- Kind
- regulatory
- Qualification
- We did not open the Federal Register notice or fact sheet; the specific text changes are in those documents.
- Verification
- Read on the primary page. (checked 2026-11-09)
The original compliance date for the FSMA Food Traceability Rule was January 20, 2026. FDA proposed extending it by 30 months to July 20, 2028, and a 2026 appropriations act directed FDA not to enforce the rule before that date.
- Published
- Undated on the page text we read
- Data period
- Compliance dates as stated
- Scope
- United States; foods on the Food Traceability List
- Kind
- regulatory
- Qualification
- The extension is described as proposed; the enforcement date comes from the congressional direction, not a final FDA rule changing the date. The page still contains an outdated 'compliance date is January 20, 2026' line. It does not cover pharmaceutical supply chains. The page also announces a draft enforcement discretion policy for certain small retail food establishments and restaurants; we have not summarized it.
- Verification
- Read on the primary page; the page text was long and partly truncated in our fetch, so we relied only on the verbatim Compliance Date section. (checked 2026-11-09)
CBRE estimates Midwest cold-storage space at 39.5 million sq. ft., with 56% built before 1990. CBRE says many older facilities become obsolete when the current tenant vacates because required renovations are cost prohibitive. (PDF p. 4)
- Published
- 2025-03-31 (landing page); PDF cover reads March 2025
- Data period
- Q4 2024 (market-characteristics table source: CBRE Research, Q4 2024)
- Scope
- Midwest U.S. metros covered in the report (14 listed)
- Kind
- estimated
- Qualification
- Regional (Midwest) estimate from March 2025. Not a current national vacancy figure. CBRE's wording is 'in many cases', not all facilities.
- Verification
- Read in the report PDF text (9 pages) and the CBRE landing page. Page numbers are PDF pages. (checked 2026-11-09)
Of approximately 1.5 million sq. ft. of Midwest cold-storage product delivered since the start of 2023, speculative development was 11% and build-to-suit was 89%. (PDF p. 5)
- Published
- 2025-03-31 (landing page); PDF cover reads March 2025
- Data period
- Since the start of 2023, as of the report (March 2025)
- Scope
- Midwest U.S. metros covered in the report (14 listed)
- Kind
- estimated
- Qualification
- Regional deliveries, not national. A small delivery base.
- Verification
- Read in the report PDF text (9 pages) and the CBRE landing page. Page numbers are PDF pages. (checked 2026-11-09)
CBRE says refrigerated warehouse construction is typically double to triple the cost of a dry warehouse, averaging $240 to $350 per sq. ft. nationally, and that the significant power cold storage requires is increasingly difficult to acquire with the data center development boom. (PDF p. 6)
- Published
- 2025-03-31 (landing page); PDF cover reads March 2025
- Data period
- Report date (March 2025); no cost base year stated on the page
- Scope
- National construction cost estimate; power remark is a general development consideration
- Kind
- estimated
- Qualification
- The $240 to $350 range describes new refrigerated warehouse construction, not the cost of renovating an older facility, and CBRE gives no base year. CBRE does not quantify power constraints or name specific markets in that statement.
- Verification
- Read in the report PDF text (9 pages) and the CBRE landing page. Page numbers are PDF pages. (checked 2026-11-09)
GCCA's 2026 Global Top 25 members operate 7.76 billion cubic feet (219.7 million cubic meters) of temperature-controlled space, up 6.3% on 2025 (a deceleration from 8.3% in 2025). The list is led by Lineage, Americold Logistics, NewCold Coöperatief, United States Cold Storage, and Emergent Cold Latin America.
- Published
- 2026-04-29
- Data period
- Capacity as reported for 2025 and 2026
- Scope
- GCCA member operators
- Kind
- observed (member-reported capacity)
- Qualification
- Ranks GCCA members by total reported temperature-controlled capacity. It is neither total worldwide capacity nor occupied inventory. The 25 rows in the PDF's 2026 column sum to about 7.75 billion cubic feet, slightly below the stated 7.76 billion, and year-over-year growth compares different sets of companies; we cite GCCA's stated totals. We did not verify GCCA's consolidation caveat. List PDF: https://www.gcca.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/2026-GCCA_Global_Top-25.pdf
- Verification
- Press release read on gcca.org. Ranking names and capacities read in the list PDF text. (checked 2026-11-09)
GCCA publishes a quarterly Cold Chain Index tracking cost growth in five classes of expenses: labor, electric power, supplies, repairs and rent. The public page lists Q2 2026 as available and says it can be customized to a region and state.
- Published
- Quarterly; public page lists Q2 2026
- Data period
- Q2 2026 listed as available
- Scope
- Cost-growth structure for cold-storage warehouse operators
- Kind
- framework
- Qualification
- The detailed index content is a GCCA member benefit and we have not seen it, so no index values are cited. We use only its five expense classes as a structure for operating-cost assumptions.
- Verification
- Read the public page. Member content not accessed. (checked 2026-11-09)
GCCA lists a '2026 GCCA Americas Cold Storage Capacity Report' (listing dated 2026-08-31).
- Published
- 2026-08-31 (listing date)
- Data period
- Not stated on the public page
- Scope
- Americas
- Kind
- existence only
- Qualification
- Member-only. We confirmed the page exists; its contents and figures are unverified and not used on the site.
- Verification
- Public page read; content is member-gated. (checked 2026-11-09)